Every fuel cost calculation comes down to dividing distance by fuel efficiency and multiplying by price. The formulas below cover one-way trips, round trips, multi-vehicle splits, cost per mile, electric vehicle equivalents, and metric (L/100km) calculations.
Core Fuel Cost Formula
Fuel Cost = (Distance ÷ MPG) × Price Per Gallon
Worked example: A 400-mile one-way drive in a sedan that gets 28 MPG, with gas at $3.60 per gallon.
Gallons used = 400 ÷ 28 = 14.286 gal
Trip cost = 14.286 × $3.60 = $51.43
Round Trip Cost
For a round trip, multiply the one-way distance by 2 before applying the formula. Same 400-mile one-way, 28 MPG, $3.60 gas:
Round-trip distance = 400 × 2 = 800 mi
Gallons used = 800 ÷ 28 = 28.57 gal
Round-trip cost = 28.57 × $3.60 = $102.86
The one-way cost of $51.43 doubles to $102.86 round trip. Always check whether a published road-trip distance is one-way or already doubled before plugging it in.
Multi-Vehicle Trip and Per-Person Cost
When two or more cars travel the same route, compute fuel cost per vehicle using each vehicle's own MPG, then sum them. Split the total across everyone in both cars to get per-person cost.
Car A: 400 mi ÷ 22 MPG × $3.60 = $65.45
Car B: 400 mi ÷ 32 MPG × $3.60 = $45.00
Total trip fuel = $110.45
5 passengers total:
Per-person cost = $110.45 ÷ 5 = $22.09
If everyone carpools in one 28 MPG car instead, the trip costs $51.43 and splits to $10.29 per person. Consolidating into one vehicle roughly halves per-person fuel cost.
Cost Per Mile
$ per mile = Price Per Gallon ÷ MPG
Worked example: Gas at $3.60/gal, 28 MPG sedan.
$3.60 ÷ 28 = $0.129 per mile
That is just the fuel cost per mile. It does not include tires, maintenance, insurance, or depreciation. The IRS standard mileage rate of $0.67 per mile covers everything; fuel alone is typically $0.10 to $0.20 per mile.
EV Equivalent (Electric Vehicles)
For an EV, substitute miles-per-kWh for MPG and $/kWh for gas price:
EV Cost = (Distance ÷ miles-per-kWh) × $/kWh
Worked example: 400-mile trip in an EV that gets 4 mi/kWh, charging at $0.15/kWh (US residential average).
kWh used = 400 ÷ 4 = 100 kWh
Trip cost = 100 × $0.15 = $15.00
That is about 3.4× cheaper than the same trip in a 28 MPG gas car at $3.60/gallon ($51.43). DC fast charging at $0.35 to $0.50/kWh changes the math: the same trip at $0.40/kWh costs $40, nearly matching gas.
Metric (L/100km) Formula
Liters used = (Distance_km × L/100km) ÷ 100
Trip cost = Liters used × Price per liter
Worked example: 600 km trip in a car rated 7.5 L/100km with fuel at €1.80/L.
Liters used = (600 × 7.5) ÷ 100 = 45 L
Trip cost = 45 × €1.80 = €81.00
To convert MPG to L/100km: L/100km = 235.215 ÷ MPG. So 28 MPG ≈ 8.4 L/100km.
Quick Reference: Common Trip Costs at $3.60/gal
Fuel cost for popular US driving routes, one-way, at three MPG tiers:
| Route | Distance | 20 MPG (truck) | 28 MPG (sedan) | 40 MPG (hybrid) |
|---|
| New York – Philadelphia | 95 mi | $17.10 | $12.21 | $8.55 |
| Chicago – Milwaukee | 90 mi | $16.20 | $11.57 | $8.10 |
| Seattle – Portland | 175 mi | $31.50 | $22.50 | $15.75 |
| New York – Washington DC | 225 mi | $40.50 | $28.93 | $20.25 |
| Atlanta – Nashville | 250 mi | $45.00 | $32.14 | $22.50 |
| Los Angeles – Las Vegas | 270 mi | $48.60 | $34.71 | $24.30 |
Double these numbers for round-trip costs. A round-trip New York to DC in a hybrid runs about $40.50 in fuel, versus $81 in a 20 MPG truck.
Annual Cost Formula
Annual cost = (Annual miles ÷ MPG) × Gas price
Going from 25 MPG to 35 MPG saves $300/year at $3.50/gallon and 15,000 miles. That adds up to $1,500 over 5 years, which is relevant when comparing vehicle purchases.