Square Root Calculator

Calculate square roots, cube roots, and nth roots with step-by-step solutions.

Square Root

12

Simplified: 12

Perfect square

Exact form√144
Simplified radical12
Decimal12.
Perfect Squares Reference
NumberSquare Root
819
10010
12111
14412
16913
19614
22515

How to Use the Square Root Calculator

  1. Enter any positive number. For square roots of negative numbers, the result is imaginary (not calculated here). Decimals and large numbers are fully supported.
  2. Select the root type. Square root (2nd root, n=2) is the default. Cube root (n=3) finds what number cubed equals the input. Change n to any value for any nth root.
  3. Read the results. The calculator shows the decimal result, the simplified radical form (e.g., √50 = 5√2), and the step-by-step factorization. The inverse (squaring the result) is also shown to verify accuracy.

Square Root and Radical Formulas

Square root:     √x = x^(1/2)
Cube root:       ∛x = x^(1/3)
Nth root:        ⁿ√x = x^(1/n)

Product rule:    √(a × b) = √a × √b
Quotient rule:   √(a/b) = √a / √b
Power rule:      √(aⁿ) = a^(n/2)

Simplifying:     √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2
√200 = √(100 × 2) = 10√2
√48 = √(16 × 3) = 4√3

Perfect squares (their square roots are whole numbers):

NumberSquare RootNumberSquare Root
11648
42819
9310010
16414412
25516913
36622515
49740020

Frequently Asked Questions

The square root of a number x is the value that, when multiplied by itself, gives x. √25 = 5 because 5 × 5 = 25. Every positive number has two square roots: a positive one (5) and a negative one (-5), since (-5) × (-5) = 25 as well. By convention, the square root symbol √ refers to the positive root. Zero has one square root: zero itself.

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